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@@ -1,25 +1,26 @@
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---
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title: 个人向 Linux 新服务器初始化清单
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date: 2023-03-14
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description: 一份 Linux 初始化清单, 避免每次拿到新的服务器都要一个个去各种地方搜集指令, 以做备忘 & 供有需要的朋友参考. 以目前最新的 Debian 11 Bullseye 为例
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lastmod: 2023-03-15T09:14:44.308Z
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description: 一份 Linux 初始化清单, 避免每次拿到新的服务器都要一个个去各种地方搜集指令, 以做备忘 & 供有需要的朋友参考. 以目前最新的
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Debian 11 Bullseye 为例
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draft: false
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categories:
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- 技术
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- 技术
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tags:
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- 技术
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- Linux
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- Debian
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- Traefik
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- Headless CMS
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- 技术
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- Linux
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- Debian
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- Traefik
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- Headless CMS
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---
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一份 Linux 初始化清单, 避免每次拿到新的服务器都要一个个去各种地方搜集指令, 以做备忘 & 供有需要的朋友参考.
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服务器发行版我个人推荐 Debian 系列, CentOS 系现在已经开始分裂而且说实话对新手其实并不友好. Debian 是在兼容性, 易用性和稳定性之间都取得不错平衡的发行版. 新手推荐 Ubuntu, 不过最近商业化有点过度, 夹带了越来越多的私活, 我个人所有新安装的 Linux 已经全线转向 Debian. 下文以目前最新的 Debian 11 Bullseye 为例
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> azure 干净的 debian 11 镜像, 资源使用情况供参考
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>
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> ~1G Disk, ~100M RAM, ~300 packages
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>
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> \~1G Disk, \~100M RAM, ~300 packages
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本文仅列举主要事项和操作, 新手可先行阅读这篇文章熟悉概念. [云服务器入门指南](https://blog.colinx.one/posts/%E4%BA%91%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97/)
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@@ -38,7 +39,6 @@ tags:
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// 添加到wheel用户组自动获得sudo权限
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useradd -m --groups wheel colin
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```
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也可直接编辑`/etc/sudoers` 文件为新用户添加 sudo 权限, 使用 `visudo` 指令可以自动帮你校验, 避免配置写错把系统搞崩
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@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@ useradd -m --groups wheel colin
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一般情况下,将 `/etc/apt/sources.list` 文件中 Debian 默认的源地址 `http://deb.debian.org/` 替换为 `http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn` 即可。
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```shell
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//for debian
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sudo sed -i 's/deb.debian.org/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
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@@ -84,7 +83,7 @@ sudo apt install zsh tmux htop duf htop tldr screenfetch tree
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注意修改权限, `~/.ssh/authorized_keys` 权限为 600. `~/.ssh/`为 400
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如失败可参考这篇文章 debug. [https://superuser.com/questions/1137438/ssh-key-authentication-fails](https://superuser.com/questions/1137438/ssh-key-authentication-fails)
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如失败可参考这篇文章 debug. <https://superuser.com/questions/1137438/ssh-key-authentication-fails>
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### 1.5 设置 hostname
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@@ -97,7 +96,7 @@ sudo hostnamectl status
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修改后需重启
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---
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- - -
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### 1.6 SWAP
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@@ -124,11 +123,8 @@ sudo swapon /swap_space
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// 使用 s 参数查看列表
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sudo swapon -s
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```
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每次重启后都要重新挂载磁盘分区。因此为了使之持久化,就像上面一样,我们编辑 `/etc/fstab` 并输入下面行:
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```
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@@ -137,7 +133,7 @@ sudo swapon -s
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保存并退出文件。现在我们的交换分区会一直被挂载了。我们重启后可以在终端运行 `free -m` 来检查交换分区是否生效。
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---
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- - -
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### 1.7 绑定域名
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@@ -147,6 +143,7 @@ sudo swapon -s
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配置文件为本机的 `~/.ssh/config`
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格式如下
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```config
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Host serverA
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HostName myserver.domain.xyz
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@@ -188,7 +185,6 @@ Host serverA
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```shell
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sh -c "$(curl -fsSL [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh))"
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```
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安装插件
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@@ -202,14 +198,20 @@ git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:
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按需修改配置. 文件位置`~/.zshrc`, 下面为个人常用配置供参考. 注意去源文件修改对应项, 没有再到末尾加
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```shell
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# custom theme
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ZSH_THEME="af-magic" // 简洁的主题, 一行, 推荐
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ZSH_THEME="gnzh" // 更丰富的主题, 提示信息一行, 输入命令在另一行
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# custom conf override
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ZSH_THEME="af-magic"
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CASE_SENSITIVE="false"
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HYPHEN_INSENSITIVE="false"
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plugins=(git z zsh-autosuggestions zsh-syntax-highlighting sudo)
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```
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日常管理服务器比较多,以及经常复制命令的建议用 gnzh 这个主题.
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自定义配置, 添加到末尾
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```shell
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@@ -222,6 +224,28 @@ export ZSH_AUTOSUGGEST_BUFFER_MAX_SIZE=20
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source ~/.zshrc
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```
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```shell
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// 自定义需求较高的推荐 space ship 这个主题
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// 本地安装 nerd font 以正确显示部分图标
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brew tap homebrew/cask-fonts
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brew install --cask font-<FONT NAME>-nerd-font
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// 推荐字体 fira code pro with nerd fonts. 安装完后更改本机终端字体
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brew install --cask font-fira-mono-nerd-font
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// 安装zsh 主题 space-ship
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git clone https://github.com/spaceship-prompt/spaceship-prompt.git "$ZSH_CUSTOM/themes/spaceship-prompt" --depth=1
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ln -s "$ZSH_CUSTOM/themes/spaceship-prompt/spaceship.zsh-theme" "$ZSH_CUSTOM/themes/spaceship.zsh-theme"
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// 之后设置主题
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ZSH_THEME="spaceship"
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// 还有一些自用的推荐配置件文末附录
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```
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### 2.3 nano 代码文件规则
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日常常用文本编辑器为 nano, 轻量级编辑需求完全满足.
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@@ -286,14 +310,106 @@ traefik 网关作为统一出口, 负责服务发现和自动维护 HTTPS 证书
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END
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---
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- - -
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## 附录
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* Install Docker Engine <https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/>
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* RSSManX 安装部署指南 <https://blog.colinx.one/posts/rssmanx%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97/>
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* 云服务器入门指南 <https://blog.colinx.one/posts/%E4%BA%91%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97/>
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* Portainer Install Doc <https://docs.portainer.io/start/install-ce/server/docker/linux>
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- Install Docker Engine [https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/](https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/)
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- RSSManX 安装部署指南 [https://blog.colinx.one/posts/rssmanx%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97/](https://blog.colinx.one/posts/rssmanx%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97/)
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- 云服务器入门指南 [https://blog.colinx.one/posts/%E4%BA%91%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97/](https://blog.colinx.one/posts/%E4%BA%91%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97/)
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- Portainer Install Doc [https://docs.portainer.io/start/install-ce/server/docker/linux](https://docs.portainer.io/start/install-ce/server/docker/linux)
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```shell
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# 个人自用配置, 搭配 space ship 主题使用, 建议安装 nerd font 以正确显示图标
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# ~/.spaceshiprc.zsh
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# space ship 主题文档
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# https://spaceship-prompt.sh/getting-started/
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SPACESHIP_USER_SHOW="always"
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SPACESHIP_USER_PREFIX=""
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SPACESHIP_USER_COLOR="007"
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SPACESHIP_USER_COLOR_ROOT="red"
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SPACESHIP_USER_SUFFIX=""
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SPACESHIP_HOST_SHOW="always"
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#SPACESHIP_HOST_PREFIX="\e[3#1m@"
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SPACESHIP_HOST_PREFIX="@"
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SPACESHIP_HOST_COLOR="black"
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SPACESHIP_HOST_COLOR_SSH="green"
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SPACESHIP_DIR_TRUNC="0"
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SPACESHIP_DIR_TRUNC_PREFIX=".../"
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SPACESHIP_PROMPT_ORDER=(
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dir # Current directory section
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git # Git section (git_branch + git_status)
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hg # Mercurial section (hg_branch + hg_status)
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package # Package version
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node # Node.js section
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bun # Bun section
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deno # Deno section
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ruby # Ruby section
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python # Python section
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elm # Elm section
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elixir # Elixir section
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xcode # Xcode section
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swift # Swift section
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golang # Go section
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perl # Perl section
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php # PHP section
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rust # Rust section
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haskell # Haskell Stack section
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scala # Scala section
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kotlin # Kotlin section
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java # Java section
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lua # Lua section
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dart # Dart section
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julia # Julia section
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crystal # Crystal section
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docker # Docker section
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docker_compose # Docker section
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aws # Amazon Web Services section
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gcloud # Google Cloud Platform section
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azure # Azure section
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venv # virtualenv section
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conda # conda virtualenv section
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dotnet # .NET section
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ocaml # OCaml section
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vlang # V section
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zig # Zig section
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purescript # PureScript section
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erlang # Erlang section
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kubectl # Kubectl context section
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ansible # Ansible section
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terraform # Terraform workspace section
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pulumi # Pulumi stack section
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ibmcloud # IBM Cloud section
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nix_shell # Nix shell
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gnu_screen # GNU Screen section
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exec_time # Execution time
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async # Async jobs indicator
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line_sep # Line break
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battery # Battery level and status
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jobs # Background jobs indicator
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exit_code # Exit code section
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sudo # Sudo indicator
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char # Prompt character
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)
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SPACESHIP_RPROMPT_ORDER=(
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time # Time stamps section
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user # Username section
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host # Hostname section
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)
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cdl() {
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cd "$@" && ls;
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}
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cdll() {
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cd "$@" && ls -lh;
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}
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```
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Reference in New Issue
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